Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Hidden Los Angeles Comes to "Telling L.A.'s Story"
I'M MOST excited to confirm that our guest this week for our final class will be W. Lynn Garrett who runs the website and Facebook page, Hidden Los Angeles, an online space dedicated to "going beneath the surface", an attempt to unravel the various stubborn stereotypes of Los Angeles. It is a fitting way to close the semester, as Garrett has been dedicated to writing a deeper story via interacting with her online community.
She's created an evocative virtual neighborhood -- one that in many ways is as lively, celebratory -- and sometimes contentious -- as the city is itself. Angelenos have strong opinions about what their city was, is and should be and so, consequently, Garrett has often been among other things -- mediator, therapist and good old fashioned booster. Daily she offers up a mix of quizzes, videos, mini-histories contests and between all of that frequently throws out topics for conversation across the L.A.' s virtual basin. Since the site's inception, her motto has been, "Look Deeper" -- because, as we all now know, it's a full time job going head-to-head with these overriding myths that have come to stand as written in stone definitions for Los Angeles.
Take a spin around the site and its Facebook incarnation too to see what Garrett's got going this week.
Come prepared to ask her some questions about how she juggles this huge task and how she keeps all the information fresh or what signifies *her* L.A. She's delightful. You'll enjoy her.
-- L.G.
(image via hidden los angeles)
Saturday, April 16, 2011
DEPARTURES -- L.A. STYLE
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Dumbfoundead - Night Riders
Friday, February 18, 2011
False Advertisement or Merely a Dream?
THIS PICTURE reminded me Louis Adamic's literary piece, "Laughing in the Jungle", when he wrote, "Los Angeles is probably one of the most interesting spots on the face of the earth. In it's advertisements, the Realty Board calls the town 'The City Beautiful,' 'The Wonder City,' 'The Earthly Paradise,' and other fancy names, none of which is exactly inaccurate. It is beautiful and wonderful in spots, and I guess for some people it is paradise. But that isn't coming anywhere near the truth about it..." (Ulin, 51). This advertisement as a General Motors Ad and it is set in Los Angeles. This advertisement does portray a perfect and beautiful city and it seems too good to be true..The town is lively, people are out and about, people are dressed well, and many people have cars. It really does make Los Angeles seem like a place of opportunity.
caption: Advertising LA and General Motors Car
credit: Alden Jewell, flickr creative commons
When Reality Hits
THE "New Eden": a land full of sunshine, amusement parks, exotic palaces, healing air, magical spiritualists, movie stars, property and well, land. Come out West to the new metropolis and all your problems will be solved!
This is the place that boosted in population from 11,000 to 50,000 in a single decade. At least that's what place the brochures said it was. Thousands of people moved to Los Angeles from all over the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries based on these promises. Did they get what they expected? No, yet that didn't stop people from arriving here until it was a metropolis that far surpassed San Francisco-"the West Coast Metropolis."
The city "boosters" essentially lied to get people to come to L.A., but somehow they knew that it didn't matter if what they said was true or not, people were going to stay there. This leads me to believe that although people came here on pretenses that it would be like Utopia, they stayed here for different reasons. L.A. may have been manufactured "to look like a movie set," but it was not the "unreal city" that novelists portrayed it as for satire. It was a real place even though it was manmade and it had the qualities of life that people were looking for in a city. No, the Spanish myths weren't true and it wasn't like Athens or Spain or Italy. Los Angeles wasn't these things, but it wasn't necessarily pretending to be them either. Since everyone knew that L.A. was like a movie set, they knew that everything was "fake," or rather, imitating something else.
It should be no surprise that literature about the city was very mixed. Themes of romanticism quickly changed to satire. Novelists wrote about the outrageous in L.A., like spiritualists and cults; they also wrote about the boosters themselves. The city was virtually brand new and it must be taken into consideration that the people writing about it were new to the place. They wrote about the oddities and the main characteristics like architecture and climate but then they wrote about feelings like the "sense of dislocation and estrangement." The darker turn to literature about L.A. is due to the fact that people felt lost in such a big, new city, in my opinion. They wanted to put a label on it and they didn't know how to make it feel like home amongst the movie industry and stereotypical aspects of it. Not to mention that it was so spread out and decentralized that it was nearly impossible for it to be defined, yet writers focused mostly on "Hollywoodland" and natural disasters.
It is interesting how the writing about L.A. is as confused as the way it came together physically. The different cities within the city and so many people in one place probably created the sensation of being lost in an unreal place and dreams being shattered among all the competition. Fine illuminates the seeds of present-day L.A. because it seems as if not much has changed and writing about it today is just as difficult as it was at the beginning of the city's history.
--Claire Ensey
caption: Pamphlet by the Los Angeles Chamber of Congress in 1928
credit: Jasperdo, flikr creative commons
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Our Oasis

Having traveled to many places in Europe while predominantly living in the Southern California area, I have found that this reference to LA having any Mediterranean appeal is completely false and most likely did not emulate any of the aforementioned identities in any of its previous history. Los Angeles has its own culture; more than likely because it was established on an artificial reality. The allure to Los Angeles referred to within the article depicted the city as “the New Eden” which provokes the images of an oasis; a place where everything is perfect yet the irony of temptation and corruption insinuates more of the stereotypes of Los Angeles present today.
In one of the last passages within the text of Starting Points, it is said that since the booster era, over a century has passed and LA is still a destination of settlement and migration. This appeal of Los Angeles began over one hundred years ago, and is still highly present today. At what point in time will people no longer want to venture to the highly polluted city-at what point will people come to the region, see the overwhelming lifestyle, and want to turn back in hopes of finding a new place to call home? It seems as though Los Angeles will, literally, be the “New Rome”. The city will build on top of itself for years to come, and people will flock to the renowned city to live in the oasis and drink from the fountain of youth. Because LA is purely that- LA is a legend. Whether or not the legend is true, well, that’s for us to figure out on our own.
-Chelsea Vogt
photo via publicartinla.com
Monday, February 14, 2011
How Far Will It Go?
In the ten years between 1880 and 1890 the population grew from 11,000 to 50,000. Outgrowing San Francisco was no longer a concern due to the room that southern California had for expansion.After the 1930s, Los Angeles had a population of 2.2 million and was the second largest city in the United States, competing with New York for being the most culturally diverse. I am proud of Los Angeles for its multi-ethnic background, but I am ashamed at the behavior of the “Anglos” towards the other races in the process of settling. The old southern California idea of Manifest Destiny disappoints me and I wish I could have been around to tell Horace Bell and the Los Angeles Rangers exactly what I think of them and their vigilante behavior.
It’s understandable that the people of Los Angeles would use the sunshine as propaganda to promote the region, but labeling it names such as the New Italy, New Spain, and New Athens is taking it a little too far. Not to mention the terms New Eden and Holy Land-- as if the people here lived in complete peace and harmony with one another. I agree with Carey McWilliams when he said that the overwhelming migration to L.A. may have been the largest but it was “the least heroic.”
The continuation of expansion due to the aviation industry, the Pacific Electric rail lines, and the Auto Club spread the outer boundaries of L.A. north to San Fernando, south to the harbor, and west to the coast. With new land came new divisions that are still seen today. It’s interesting to see the breakdown of territory in the mid 1900s and how much things still haven't changed. The Westside of Wilshire and Sunset was home to the Anglo’s, while the East L.A., Boyle Heights area was dominantly Mexican-American. South Central, commonly known as Watt’s, was inhabited by the African American community and I suppose it has changed a bit today because now it includes a community of Asians and Latinos.
Angeleno’s dared to label Los Angeles as the "American Dream Capital, keeper of our national fantasies.” Is that a joke? Sunshine and a couple movie sets don’t make up for the lack of cultural unity and intense racism that was rampant in all areas of L.A. What makes it even worse is that there are still traces of that same racism and segregation today. People are so busy “chasing the dream,” that they couldn’t and still don’t see Pandora’s jar lying open and empty. Is it safe to say that hope has finally escaped? Have we dug ourselves in a hole so deep that it’s going to take more than 4,083 miles of track to reach down and pull us out?
-- J. Garcia
Boostering the Angeleno Playground

caption: example of mission revival architecture
credit: via sixmarinis and the seventh art
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Got Boosties?

CURIOUS how the mode of transport that laid the tracks for LA’s arrival became almost instanly eradicated from the city’s conscious. The Southern Pacific and Santa Fe railways of the late 19th century brought the masses to the Holy Land, and all for the low price of $1. I like that, the idea of walking to the rail station with 4 quarters, maybe seeing a McDonald’s, pondering on whether to order a dollar burger or small fries and ultimately deciding on a trip to California. Obviously inflation plays a role in this dream, but c’mon, a buck is a buck. Adhering to the mirage quality that birthed and raised Los Angeles to its fantasy factory status, the railways planted a seed and quickly withered from the expanding streets run ragged by automobiles.
It’s a golden land, the Golden State, holy according to some latitudes, green by longitude. Opportunity exploded in the fertile basin, the ready-made canvas landscape beckoning a pilgrimage to paradise from notables in all vocations. An expatriate town if there ever was, LA has and continues to attract misfits, hopefuls, has-beens, will-becomes, never-had-a-chance’s, and the terminally-chillers. Writing about a town constantly evolving brought a creationist aspect to the author’s role in promoting the myth and aura of an oasis lifestyle. Drawing on memories of homesteads prior along with visions of grandeur allowed the collective imagination to know no limits, flowing into the architecture, art, and aesthetic of the land.
Maybe this is the apocalyptic land of lore. We run into the ocean, pants down, as hillsides quake into pieces and canyonscapes blaze in glory, all the while denying our existence in the face of losing another day to Death and begrudging another wrinkle to Gravity. Gladly, I submit to the femme fatale nature as the ongoing boosters hark a miracle that may or may not exist.
--Weston Finfer
photo: beverly hills hotel
credit: chase stone
Friday, February 11, 2011
The Outsider
LOS ANGELES was boosted into existence by a mixture of several things. Los Angeles initially emerged as a result of the land boom that was made possible by the rail lines leading into Southern California. It grew over the next several decades as a white Protestant community paving over the Mexican Catholic heritage that came before it. As a network of highways and roads were built and the separate neighborhoods became connected by the automobile, the city began to grow into what we know today as Los Angeles.
After reading about the history about Los Angeles, it seems to me that most of perceptions and writings about LA sprung out of the physical geography of the land. As a diverse, widely spread out city, many people became frustrated with how to describe or summarize such an assorted group of neighborhoods. With the beach, mountains, and desert all rolled into one it was difficult to characterize the city as a whole.
Another characteristic of LA that seemed to both bother and puzzle people was the lack of a single type of architecture. With the influence of Hollywood, much of the architecture seemed to be model a movie set. Rather than having a uniform style of architecture like New York or San Francisco, the landscape for Los Angeles was built more on a “propensity for fantasy creation,” as David Fine puts it in his book Imagining Los Angeles. Even today, one of the most iconic places in LA is Randy’s Donuts, where a giant 23-foot doughnut sits atop a tiny drive-in. This is the architecture of Los Angeles.
What I found personally illuminating about Fine’s piece was when he was discussing the reason for why LA literature was virtually nonexistent until around the 1920s. It wasn’t because there was nothing to say about the city or there were no gifted writers, it was simply because virtually everyone was new to Los Angeles. The writers in LA were themselves outsiders, newcomers to the land, and therefore unconnected to the city. Fine uses the great example of Mark Twain. Though Twain began his career in San Francisco, all of his writing were reflective of his home back in the Midwest. Fine describes the literature of the city perfectly stating, “The distanced perspective of the outsider, marked by a sense of dislocation and estrangement, is the central and essential feature of the fiction of Los Angeles.”
You can still see that evidence of the outsider everywhere around LA. Being on a campus where almost half the students come from out of state you can see how most of LA’s population consists of people caught between, “a Southern California present and a past carried from some other place.” Because L.A. lacks a sense of uniformity or its own sense of style, it becomes a struggle to grasp the concept of city or describe it in a single way, which is why so many people are frustrated with Los Angles.
However, I believe that this absence of style is in itself, the “LA style.” As Fine, so perfectly describes it, “In the absence of a dominant style, every style and manner [has] found a place.” LA is indeed a place where anything goes; where nobody fits in but everybody fits in. LA is the outsider portrayed in so many of the movies produced on its land. It’s the newcomer, the underdog. And although it’s had its fair share of struggle, LA has become the hero for so many other outsiders looking for a place to belong.
caption: "griffith" (the old zoo at griffith park)
credit: OmarOmar, flickr creative commons
The New Italy, the New Spain, the New Athens

What boosted L.A.’s existence were the imperative connections it had. Journalists were added onto the railroad payrolls so they would have an incentive to boast about the “year-round sunshine” that came with living in California. It was these publicists that worked with city boosters, much like Los Angeles Times owner Harrison Gray Otis to promote the region. Even after Otis died, the Times collaborated with the Chamber of Commerce and the All Year Club to endorse L.A. as “the West Coast metropolis.” L.A. was an escape from the overcrowded East. People still tend to see Los Angeles as that. They leave their snow-filled hometown and retreat to the southern California beaches. When I go back home, I constantly get asked why I’m so pale, as if they think I spend every day under the bright California sun. I myself was disappointed after spending last summer in L.A. only to find that it didn’t live up to its reputation, that the June Gloom never seemed to end and the days at the beach were few and far between.
Being the spread out city that it was, Los Angeles was equipped for the arrival of the automobile. With this came the Auto Club and tourists, Disneyland and Magic Mountain. I would love to learn more about the influence the automobile had on the creation of the city. What I understood from what David Fine said in his book Imagining Los Angeles, was that the automobile did not have any influence per say, but rather the city was prepared for the use of them. It wasn’t until recently, as I was driving along the 405 with one of my California-native friends that I was informed about the car industry’s involvement in the making of the layout of the city as it is today.
If you look at present-day Los Angeles, you can see the clear separations of the different communities. Before the railroad came about, the city was made up of Mexicans, Indians, Anglos, and Chinese. There were plenty of racial conflicts, so the white Anglos took control of the land. They began to see the darker-skinned population as “dangerous aliens and foreigners” who, from the eyes of the Anglos, were a threat to the community and any progress that needed to be made. Because of their ignorance and racism, there are modern ethnic neighborhoods that have been extended from the past.
The history of Los Angeles can be seen in the fiction that was written during the time the city was being established. Although there is so much literature from this time, one must keep in mind that the writers were “outsiders, newcomers, visitors” to Los Angeles. Therefore, the majority of the written work was about the differences between the East and the new West. Displacement and estrangement played major roles in the fiction, the authors focusing on themes of “unreality, masquerade, and deception.” Although fiction, it is these themes that influenced the people of the time, bringing a whole new light to California. Unfortunately, the fiction of this time, and even the newer fiction that comes in the form of screenplays and movies, has become more factual than not. Hollywood has overtaken all of Los Angeles, becoming the image for how people are supposed to represent themselves. We have all taken on roles, characters of a movie that should be called Reality. Yet, despite all this, Los Angeles still holds some sort of appeal to those on the outside looking in.
-- Jackie DiBiase
photo: Close-up of Hollywood sign, Hollywood, California, USA
credit: Michael Dean Roberts
Monday, February 7, 2011
What's In A Boost?
L.A.’s initial growth comes from people who oppressed a marginalized group for financial gain and power. While this finding is unsettling, it is hardly original and at least as Angelenos we can pride ourselves in the fact that we did not begin this trend. In his book, Imagining Los Angeles, David Fine, in delves into this idea more in-depth, “The old Californios, the ‘first families’ who held the land grants, were unable to defend their claims in Anglo courts – unable to pay the legal fees much less to understand the laws that were disenfranchising them – and so lost their lands, piece by piece, to Yankee speculators,”(Fine 6-7). And after these “first families” are eliminated, the possibilities for this space called Los Angeles become literally limitless. For the love of God, we brought irrigation to the desert. Railroads initially created a way for Americans to get to the city, “the Southern Pacific in 1876 and the Santa Fe in 1886,” coupled with, “…land speculators, subdividers, city boosters, and railroad tycoons,”(Fine 4) created a mixture from which Los Angeles did not have a chance to be unsuccessful.
What I personally found to be so interesting is the fact that while the railroad brought people to the city, it is the invention of the automobile that designed the city’s layout. Fine writes, “In contributing to the decentralization of the city, the automobile diminished the central city’s hegemony,”(Fine 9). The same invention that plagues our freeways now is also responsible for the disjointed nature of Los Angeles and its surrounding suburbs. The fact that the city is so disjointed from its genesis speaks to the fact that Los Angeles can still be considered as divided. People from the South Bay dread having to go five miles East, because God forbid they find themselves in Hawthorne. Celebrities that live in the Hollywood Hills never venture to downtown; exceptions include filming and soup kitchen publicity stunts.
Another interesting development for the city is also probably the most well-known: the development of the film industry. The obvious reasons for this include: “the region had plenty of sunshine, open space for outdoors shooting, and a varied landscape,”(Fine 12). The final reason is particularly sinister, and contributes to the over-all “scummy nature” of Angelenos. Los Angeles, “also had the appeal of being 3000 miles away from the Edison patents,”(Fine 12). First we remove landowners from the city by means of forcefully taking their land, and then our major industry exploits the ingenuity of one man’s developments.
But remember, to me, Los Angeles is like a younger sibling; I can trash on it as much as I want but the minute a “non-local” wants to say horrible things about it, I feel the need to defend this city. I feel compelled to defend the boosters, the tycoons, the celebrities. But I also feel like we can’t turn a blind eye to all the horrible crap that is a part of our city’s development. So what’s the “fair” thing to do? I guess it means just loving Los Angeles for what it is and for what it has become, while acknowledging the glaring faults as well.
--Hailey Hanann
caption: I-8 Meets California 125
credit: Allan Ferguson, flickr creative commons